Aikace-aikacen Cladding Sand a cikin Casting

Simintin gyare-gyaren yashi a filin kamfen yana da ɗan gajeren tarihi, samar da simintin kuma yana da girma sosai; amma yin amfani da simintin gyare-gyaren yashi na daidaitattun sassa na simintin ƙarfe yana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa: yashi mai ɗaki (tabo), rarrabuwar sanyi, porosity. Yadda za a magance waɗannan matsalolin don ƙarin bincike.

 

Ilimi da fahimtar yashi mai rufi (yashi mai rufi nasa ne na nau'in ɗaure na halitta, yashi mai tushe)

 

(1) Halayen yashi mai rufi: halayen ƙarfin da suka dace; ruwa mai kyau, bayyanannen kwane-kwane na nau'in yashi da asalin yashi, tsari mai yawa, da ikon samar da hadadden yashi; Kyakkyawan ingancin nau'in yashi (core), rashin ƙarfi na sama har zuwa Ra = 6.3 ~ 12.5 μm, da daidaiton girman har zuwa matakin CT7 ~ CT9; hanya mai kyau, kuma simintin gyare-gyare yana da sauƙi don tsaftacewa.

 

(2) Iyakar aikace-aikacen: ana iya amfani da yashi mai rufi don yin nau'i-nau'i na simintin gyaran gyare-gyare da kuma yashi, kuma za'a iya amfani da gyare-gyare ko ƙullun yashi mai rufi tare da juna tare da sauran nau'in yashi (cores); ba wai kawai za a iya amfani da shi don yin simintin gyare-gyare na ƙarfe-nau'in nauyi ba ko ƙananan matsi ba, amma kuma ana iya amfani da shi don simintin yashi na ƙarfe da simintin centrifugal a cikin hanyar zafi; Ba wai kawai za a iya amfani da shi wajen samar da simintin ƙarfe da simintin ƙarfe ba, amma kuma ana iya amfani da shi wajen samar da sassa na simintin ƙarfe.

 

Shirye-shiryen yashi mai rufi

 

1. Haɗin yashi mai rufi

Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi kayan refractory, ɗaure, wakili na warkewa, mai mai da ƙari na musamman.

 

(1) Abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa shine babban jikin yashi na fim. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don kayan haɓakawa sune: babban refractoriness, low volatiles, mafi zagaye barbashi, m da sauransu. Gabaɗaya yi amfani da yashi silica mai gogewa. Abubuwan buƙatun don yashi silica shine: SiO2 abun ciki yana da girma (simintin simintin ƙarfe da simintin simintin ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe ba yana buƙatar fiye da 90%, simintin ƙarfe yana buƙatar fiye da 97%); abun ciki na laka wanda bai wuce 0.3% ba (don goge yashi) - [Yashi mai ruwan yashi da aka wanke ya kasance ƙasa da tanadin; girman barbashi ① rarraba na kusa 3 ~ 5 lambar sieve; siffar barbashi mai zagaye, mahimmancin kusurwa ya kamata ya zama ba fiye da 1.3; Amfanin acid ba kasa da 5ml ba.

 

(2) Mai ɗaure yawanci yana ɗaukar guduro phenolic.

 

(3) Maganin warkewa yawanci yana ɗaukar urotropin; mai mai yawanci yana ɗaukar calcium stearate, wanda aikinsa shine don hana kumbura na yashi mai rufi da ƙara yawan ruwa. Babban aikin additives shine inganta aikin yashi mai rufi.

 

(4) Ainihin rabo na yashi mai rufi Sinadaran Matsakaicin (mass juzu'i,%) Bayani: raw yashi 100 goge yashi, phenolic guduro 1.0 ~ 3.0 na nauyi na raw yashi, urolithiopharmine (mai ruwa bayani 2) 10 ~ 15 na da nauyi na stehina 5 resin, calcium ~ 5 resin. additives 0.1 ~ 0.5 na nauyin yashi na asali. 1: 2) 10 ~ 15 na nauyin guduro, calcium stearate 5 ~ 7 na nauyin guduro, ƙari 0.1 ~ 0.5 na yashi na asali. Additives 0.1 zuwa 0.5% na nauyin yashi na asali.

 

2. Tsarin samar da yashi mai rufi

 

Akwai nau'o'in shirye-shiryen nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan yashi mai rufi, wato, yanayin yanayin sanyi, rufin hanyar dumi da yanayin zafi, kuma a halin yanzu samar da yashi mai rufi kusan koyaushe yana ɗaukar hanyar shafa mai zafi. The zafi laminating tsari shi ne don zafi da danyen yashi zuwa wani zazzabi, sa'an nan Mix da motsawa da guduro, ruwa urotropin da calcium stearate bi da bi, sa'an nan kuma niƙa da sieved bayan sanyaya. Tsarin hadawa ya bambanta saboda bambancin dabara. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'o'in samar da yashi iri-iri na cikin gida, akwai kimanin 2,000 ~ 2,300 Semi-atomatik samar Lines tare da cajin hannu, kuma an sami kusan 50 na'urorin sarrafa atomatik na sarrafa kwamfuta, waɗanda suka inganta ingantaccen samarwa da kwanciyar hankali na samfur. Misali, layin samar da gani mai sarrafa kansa na XX Foundry Co., Ltd. yana da ikon sarrafa lokacin ciyarwa daidai zuwa 0.1 na biyu, sarrafa zafin zafin jiki daidai zuwa 1/10 ℃, kuma yana iya lura da yanayin haɗuwa da yashi ta hanyar bidiyo, kuma ingancin samarwa ya kai ton 6 / awa.

 

3. Babban samfurin nau'in yashi mai rufi

 

(1) Talakawa irin mai rufi yashi Talakawa mai rufi yashi, watau gargajiya mai rufi yashi, yawanci sanya sama da ma'adini yashi, thermoplastic phenolic guduro, urolithiophosphate da alli stearate, ba tare da wani dacewa Additives, da kuma adadin guduro kara da cewa yawanci in mun gwada da high a karkashin wani bukata na ƙarfi, kuma shi ba shi da halaye na abin da ake bukata na high zafin jiki da kuma low zafin jiki na samar da low juriya, wanda ya dace da ƙananan juriya. bukatun.

 

(2) High-ƙarfi da kuma low-gassing laminating yashi Halaye: high ƙarfi, low fadada, low-gassing, jinkirin-gassing, antioxidant Gabatarwa: High-ƙarfi da low-gassing laminating yashi ne wani sabon samfurin na talakawa laminating yashi, ta ƙara da dacewa halaye na ' additives 'da kuma daukar wani sabon tsari na repedsin, da karfi da za a yi la'akari da cewa yana da wani sabon tsari na repedsin. 30% ko fiye sama da na talakawa laminating yashi. Ƙarfinsa ya fi na yashi mai rufi na yau da kullum da fiye da 30%, kuma yawan iskar gas yana raguwa sosai kuma ana iya rage saurin iskar gas, ta yadda zai iya dacewa da bukatun samar da simintin gyaran kafa. Irin wannan yashi mai rufi ya fi dacewa da sassa na simintin ƙarfe, ƙanana da matsakaicin girman simintin ƙarfe, samar da ƙarfe simintin ƙarfe. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'i uku na irin wannan yashi mai rufi: GD-1 babban ƙarfi da ƙananan yashi mai rufi; GD-2 babban ƙarfi da ƙananan haɓakawa da ƙananan yashi mai rufi; GD-3 babban ƙarfi da ƙarancin haɓakawa da ƙarancin fitar da maganin antioxidant.

 

(3) Babban zafin jiki (nau'in) yashi mai rufi (nau'in ND) Halaye: haɓakar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarancin haɓakawa, ƙarancin fitar da iska, jinkirin fitar da iska, mai sauƙin rushewa, juriya na iskar shaka Gabatarwa: Yashi mai ɗorewa mai ƙarfi sabon nau'in yashi mai rufi tare da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, tsayin daka mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin zafi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin juriya mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin zafin jiki (ƙananan juriya mai ƙarfi) cikakken aikin simintin gyare-gyare, wanda aka samar ta hanyar tsari na musamman. Irin wannan mai rufi yashi ne musamman dace da hadaddun bakin ciki-karo madaidaici jefa baƙin ƙarfe sassa (kamar mota block, Silinda shugaban, da dai sauransu) da kuma high bukatun na samar da simintin gyaran kafa sassa (kamar ganga kwana da jirgin kasa birki retardation; a cikin jirgin ruwa harsashi sassa, da dai sauransu), iya yadda ya kamata kawar m yashi, nakasawa, thermal fatattaka da porosity da sauran simintin gyaran kafa. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'i hudu na wannan yashi na fim: VND-1 yashi fim mai tsayayya da zafin jiki. ND-2 high zafin jiki resistant low fadada da low outgassing mai rufi yashi ND-3 high zafin jiki resistant low fadada da low outgassing antioxidant rufi yashi ND-4 high zafin jiki resistant high ƙarfi low fadada da kuma low outgassing rufi yashi.

 

(4) Sauƙi don rushe nau'in yashi mai rufi yana da ƙarfi mai kyau, kuma a lokaci guda yana da kyakkyawan aikin rushewar ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda ya dace da samar da simintin ƙarfe maras ƙarfe.

 

(5) Sauran bukatu na musamman na yashi mai rufi don biyan bukatun samfura daban-daban, an samar da jerin yashi mai rufi na musamman, kamar: yashi mai rufi na centrifugal, yashi mai sanyi, yashi mai rigar, yashi anti-stick, anti-vein model, anti-orange bawo mai rufi yashi, da dai sauransu.

 

Babban tsari na shafi yashi core yin

 

Dumama zafin jiki 200-300 ℃, curing lokaci 30-150s, yashi matsa lamba 0.15-0.60MPa. Siffa mai sauƙi na ainihin, ana iya amfani da ruwa mai kyau na yashi mai laushi don ƙananan yashi, bakin ciki yashi core don zaɓar ƙananan zafin jiki na zafi, ƙananan zafin jiki na zafi na iya zama daidai tsawon lokacin warkewa da sauransu. Gudun da ake amfani da shi don yashi mai rufi shine resin phenolic. Abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin core yin tsari: dace ƙarfi Properties; ruwa mai kyau; Kyakkyawan ingancin farfajiyar yashi (Ra = 6.3-12.5μm); yashi core anti-hygroscopicity; hanya mai kyau, mai sauƙin tsaftace simintin gyare-gyare.

 

1. Zazzabi (mold) zafin jiki

 

Zazzabi na simintin gyare-gyare yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka shafi kauri da ƙarfin harsashi, gabaɗaya ana sarrafa shi a 220 ~ 260 ℃, kuma an zaɓa bisa ga ka'idodi masu zuwa: (1) don tabbatar da cewa guduro akan laushi da warkar da isasshen zafi.

 

(1) Tabbatar da isasshen zafi don laushi da kuma warkar da guduro a kan yashi mai laushi;

(2) Tabbatar cewa kaurin harsashi da ake buƙata ya samo asali kuma saman harsashi (core) bai ƙone ba;

(3) Yi ƙoƙarin rage harsashi da lokacin hardening, don inganta yawan aiki.

 

2. Yashi allura matsa lamba da kuma lokaci

 

Ana sarrafa lokacin allurar yashi gabaɗaya a cikin 3 ~ 10s, ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba za a iya ƙera ƙera yashi (core) ba. Yashi allura matsa lamba ne kullum game da 0.6MPa; lokacin da matsin ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana da sauƙi don haifar da rashin isasshen harbi ko sako-sako da sabon abu.

 

3. Hardening lokaci: tsawon lokacin hardening ya dogara da yawa akan kauri na yashi mold (core) da kuma yawan zafin jiki na simintin gyaran kafa, kullum a cikin 60 ~ 120s. Lokaci ya yi tsayi da yawa, harsashi ba a cika warkar da ƙarancin ƙarfi ba; lokaci ya yi tsayi da yawa, yashi (core) saman Layer yana da sauƙi don ƙonewa yana shafar ingancin simintin gyare-gyare. Misalai na sigogin tsari na gyare-gyaren yashi mai rufi (core): No. Shell kauri (㎜) Nauyi (kg) Zazzabi na Casting (℃) Lokacin allura (s) Lokacin tauraro (s) 1 (hannun jagora) DN80-05 8 ~ 10 2.5 ~ 2.6 2202 ~ 230 240 DN05-01 10 ~ 12 3.75 ~ 3.8 240 ~ 260 3 ~ 5 80 ~ 100

 

Matsaloli da matakan kariya a aikace-aikacen yashi mai rufi

 

Akwai nau'o'in hanyoyin yin ginshiƙai da yawa, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa kashi biyu: hanyoyin sanya zafin jiki da kuma hanyoyin saita sanyi, kuma yin yashi mai rufi yana cikin nau'in hanyoyin sarrafa zafin jiki. Duk wani nau'in hanyar yin mahimmanci yana da fa'idodi da rashin amfani, wanda galibi ya dogara da ingancin samfuran samfuran, sarƙaƙƙiya, tsari na samarwa, farashin samarwa, farashin samfur da sauran dalilai don yanke shawarar wane nau'in hanyar yin core. Bukatun ingancin saman ƙasa don rami na simintin gyare-gyare, buƙatun daidaito mai girma, sifar hadadden yashi mai amfani da yashi mai rufi yana da tasiri sosai. Misali: Cinikin motar Silinda na kan silinda da shayewar yashi, ginshikin ruwa mai yashi, ginshikin yashi mai yashi, Silinda block waterway sand core, oilway sand core, ci abinci da yawa, shaye da yawa harsashi core sand core, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa bawul masu gudu yashi core, mota turbocharger Airway yashi core da sauransu. Amma a cikin yin amfani da yashi mai rufi sau da yawa ya fuskanci wasu matsaloli, a nan kawai a kan aikin gwaninta don yin magana game da shi.

 

1. Hanyar ƙayyade ƙarfin da gassing adadin laminated yashi

Ƙarƙashin jigon cewa ingancin ɗanyen yashi da guduro ya tabbata, babban abin da ke shafar ƙarfin yashi mai laushi ana ɗaukarsa ne daga adadin resin phenolic da aka ƙara. Idan an ƙara yawan resin phenolic, ƙarfin zai ƙara ƙaruwa, amma adadin iskar gas kuma yana ƙaruwa, kuma rushewar zai ragu. Sabili da haka, a cikin samar da aikace-aikacen dole ne ya sarrafa ƙarfin yashi don rage yawan iskar gas, inganta rushewa, a cikin ci gaban ƙarfin ƙarfin dole ne a sami daidaito. Wannan ma'auni shine don tabbatar da cewa ingancin saman yashi mai yashi da kuma a cikin zubar da ruwa ba ya haifar da nakasawa, ba ya haifar da raguwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin. Don haka don tabbatar da ingancin simintin gyaran gyare-gyare da daidaiton girma, amma kuma don rage yawan iskar gas, rage zubar da lahani na porosity, inganta aikin yashi mai yashi. Sand core ajiya, handling tsari za a iya amfani da a cikin aiki kayan aiki, yashi core trolley, kuma a saman shi sa 10mm ~ 15mm lokacin farin ciki soso, don rage asarar kudi na yashi core.

 

2. Lokacin ajiya na yashi core don yashi mai rufi

Duk wani yashi core zai sha danshi, musamman a kudancin yankin na iska dangi zafi, yashi core lokacin ajiya dole ne a kayyade a cikin tsari takardun, da yin amfani da durƙusad samar da farko-in-farko-fita samar yanayin don rage adadin yashi core ajiya da kuma ajiya sake zagayowar. Kowane kamfani ya kamata ya haɗu da yanayin shuka nasu da yanayin yanayin gida don ƙayyade lokacin ajiyar yashi.

 

3. Sarrafa ingancin samar da yashi mai rufi

Laminating yashi a cikin masana'anta dole ne ya kasance tare da bayanan tabbatar da ingancin mai kaya, da kuma kasuwancin bisa ga ka'idojin samfur don dubawa, bincika masu cancanta kafin shiga cikin sito. Gwajin samfurin kamfanoni ya gaza ta hanyar tabbacin inganci da sassan fasaha don yin sakamakon jiyya, rangwame ne don karɓa ko komawa ga mai siyarwa.

 

4. Ana samun yashi mai rufi wanda ya cancanta ya karye kuma ya lalace yayin yin ainihin.

Karyewar yashi da nakasu a lokacin yin ainihin ana tsammanin ya zama sanadin ƙarancin ƙarfin yashi. A gaskiya ma, yashi core breakage da nakasawa za su shiga da yawa samar da matakai. Dole ne a bincika yanayin rashin daidaituwa zuwa ainihin dalilin don magance matsalar gaba ɗaya. An jera takamaiman dalilai a ƙasa:

 

(1) Yawan zafin jiki na mold da lokacin riƙewa na mold a lokacin core yin suna da alaka da ko kauri na taurare yashi ɓawon burodi gana tsari bukatun. Ma'aunin tsari da aka ƙayyade a cikin tsari yana buƙatar samun kewayo, kewayon ya dogara da ƙwarewar mai aiki don daidaitawa. A cikin babba iyaka na mold zafin jiki na iya daukar ƙananan iyaka na lokacin zama a cikin mold, mold zafin jiki a cikin ƙananan iyaka na lokacin zama a cikin mold dauki babba iyaka. Ana buƙatar horar da ma'aikata akai-akai don inganta ƙwarewar aiki.

 

(2) Lokacin yin core, za a sami phenolic resin da yashi da ke manne a kan ƙura, waɗanda dole ne a tsaftace su cikin lokaci kuma a fesa su da abin da ke fitar da gyaggyarawa, in ba haka ba zai taru da yawa kuma idan an buɗe gyare-gyaren, za a cire cibiya ko ta lalace.

 

(3) The spring saman mashaya a kan a tsaye mold na zafi core akwatin mold zai sa core karya ko nakasu saboda elasticity gazawar a lokacin da aiki a karkashin high zafin jiki na dogon lokaci. Dole ne a maye gurbin bazara a cikin lokaci.

 

(4) Motsi da kuma a tsaye kyawon tsayuwa ba a layi daya ko ba a cikin wannan centerline, a lokacin da mold aka rufe a karkashin matsa lamba na Silinda ko Silinda, gaban karshen wurin gano fil yana da gangara, da mold za a rufe tam, amma a cikin bude na mold, da motsi da kuma a tsaye molds za a mayar da su zuwa asali yanayin da yashi ko deskantar corec. A wannan yanayin, yashi zai gudu lokacin da ake harbi yashi, kuma girman yashin yashi zai zama mafi girma. Maganin shine don daidaita daidaito da haɗin kai na mold a cikin lokaci.

 

(5) A cikin harsashi core inji a kan samar da m yashi core, daga cikin yashi core daga ba tukuna taurare mai rufi yashi bukatar da za a sake amfani da, dole ne a sifted da kuma rashin amfani da yashi mai rufi bisa ga rabo na 3: 7 gauraye da yin amfani da core, don tabbatar da cewa harsashi core yashi core surface ingancin da ƙarfin da yashi core.